For HW jobs, all three jobs have very different states of affair:
1) Astrologian is a rather rare and hard job to justify in terms of roleplay unless you specifically are Sharlayan and so, been teached the ways of Astrology. It is also possible to have been teached the basics of astrology as a foreign student in the Sharlayan Studium, and while those are barred specific areas of knowledge that can be used offensively or to make war, the case of Jannequinard is proof enough that while that guy was lazy as hell to actually learn anything, he was teached the basics of the art. Astrology being a very potent magical art, is especially put under great scrutiny from the Bibliothecs that don't hesitate nowadays to send accomplished assassination teams to deal with the few sharlayans that try to spread that knowledge outside the borders of the archipelago. All in all, playing a sharlayan is enough in itself to play an astrologian (which is still an art that remains considered rather... eccentric by sharlayans themselves, but respected for its potency by those that know). Playing a foreign student also gives a good justification. It gets harder, but of course not impossible at all, to be teached those ways outside of Sharlayan by the handful of sharlayans that tried to spread the art, especially before the rise of the Bibliothecs in the recent years. We have to keep in mind though, that the ishgardian astrology, which was simply contempt watching the stars to look for dragon invasions, has very little to do with it, and so Astrology in itself, the sharlayan art, was brought to Ishgard by Leveva's family, but never taken seriously by ishgardians themselves, until... just now.
2) Dark Knight: is a very ishgardian specific job of a bunch of people playing batman to fight the wrongs made all around in the city. As long as your character has lived at least a little in Ishgard, either as a native (Fray), or a refugee (Sidurgu), you can be a dark knight, and those have been there for centuries before, and it took them centuries to discover the Dark Arts they use now in complement to their two handed sword skills.
3) Machinist is a very recent job that doesn't even have a few years to account for. While house Haillenarte and Stephaniven basically invented the art and opened the SkySteel Manufactory, and try to teach the ways of the machinist to anyone that wants - to the point of begging - we have to keep in mind that since that job is very new to Eorzea, machinists are not yet legion and you would probabluy be hard pressed to find true masters of it since... the few that are good at it barely have a year or two of practice. However, marksmanship in itself, or engineering, are no new arts. The only new thing here is the use of the aetherotransformer and turrets. All in all though, the only way to be a machinist right now is probably to go get teached at the Skysteel in Ishgard, unless maybe you find by a huge coincidence a wandering machinist.
So, depending on the HW job, your mileage may vary. All but machinist have been around for eons. Dark Knights continue to play batman, machinists are just starting to spread happily, and astrologians likewise in Ishgard, outside of Sharlayan. So, except dark knight, the two other new jobs are just starting to be a thing in Ishgard.
Now then, for Stormblood jobs... The lore blurbs seem to indicate that Red Mage is not a new art since it was formed by survivors from Amdapor and Mhach... So not exactly new. Samurai... is harder to tell, but it does seem to be something deeply ingrained in the culture of Othard, or at least Kugane. Hard to tell for both though, how they are regarded legally, and in terms of taboos, but they have been there for long I bet.
1) Astrologian is a rather rare and hard job to justify in terms of roleplay unless you specifically are Sharlayan and so, been teached the ways of Astrology. It is also possible to have been teached the basics of astrology as a foreign student in the Sharlayan Studium, and while those are barred specific areas of knowledge that can be used offensively or to make war, the case of Jannequinard is proof enough that while that guy was lazy as hell to actually learn anything, he was teached the basics of the art. Astrology being a very potent magical art, is especially put under great scrutiny from the Bibliothecs that don't hesitate nowadays to send accomplished assassination teams to deal with the few sharlayans that try to spread that knowledge outside the borders of the archipelago. All in all, playing a sharlayan is enough in itself to play an astrologian (which is still an art that remains considered rather... eccentric by sharlayans themselves, but respected for its potency by those that know). Playing a foreign student also gives a good justification. It gets harder, but of course not impossible at all, to be teached those ways outside of Sharlayan by the handful of sharlayans that tried to spread the art, especially before the rise of the Bibliothecs in the recent years. We have to keep in mind though, that the ishgardian astrology, which was simply contempt watching the stars to look for dragon invasions, has very little to do with it, and so Astrology in itself, the sharlayan art, was brought to Ishgard by Leveva's family, but never taken seriously by ishgardians themselves, until... just now.
2) Dark Knight: is a very ishgardian specific job of a bunch of people playing batman to fight the wrongs made all around in the city. As long as your character has lived at least a little in Ishgard, either as a native (Fray), or a refugee (Sidurgu), you can be a dark knight, and those have been there for centuries before, and it took them centuries to discover the Dark Arts they use now in complement to their two handed sword skills.
3) Machinist is a very recent job that doesn't even have a few years to account for. While house Haillenarte and Stephaniven basically invented the art and opened the SkySteel Manufactory, and try to teach the ways of the machinist to anyone that wants - to the point of begging - we have to keep in mind that since that job is very new to Eorzea, machinists are not yet legion and you would probabluy be hard pressed to find true masters of it since... the few that are good at it barely have a year or two of practice. However, marksmanship in itself, or engineering, are no new arts. The only new thing here is the use of the aetherotransformer and turrets. All in all though, the only way to be a machinist right now is probably to go get teached at the Skysteel in Ishgard, unless maybe you find by a huge coincidence a wandering machinist.
So, depending on the HW job, your mileage may vary. All but machinist have been around for eons. Dark Knights continue to play batman, machinists are just starting to spread happily, and astrologians likewise in Ishgard, outside of Sharlayan. So, except dark knight, the two other new jobs are just starting to be a thing in Ishgard.
Now then, for Stormblood jobs... The lore blurbs seem to indicate that Red Mage is not a new art since it was formed by survivors from Amdapor and Mhach... So not exactly new. Samurai... is harder to tell, but it does seem to be something deeply ingrained in the culture of Othard, or at least Kugane. Hard to tell for both though, how they are regarded legally, and in terms of taboos, but they have been there for long I bet.
Balmung:Â Suen Shyu